Allen, in fact, had run away.76 As the Johnson brothers came from a family in which English was the first language, the rule that they must promise to give up talking Indian, till they have learnt to speak English with more ease and fluency, did not apply. ETHNOGRAPHIC ART In the words of historian Hugh Dempsey in his recent book, The Great Blackfoot Treaties (2015): In the end, the Blackfoot got neither and the government got all. But, he pointed out a benefit for the First Nations: Without realizing it, the Blackfoot and Stoneys established a relationship with the government that would ultimately save many lives when the buffalo were destroyed and in the end although this was perhaps not understood at the time the reserves became havens for a dispossessed people.9. Wicked Chief Christensen, Ahtahkakoop, 571. It was away the longest. The Methodist delegation, from left: Chiefs Jonas Goodstoney, Samson, and Pakan. Alanis Obomsawin's last name means "pathfinder, an apt description of her work as a singer, filmmaker, multimedia artist, and storyteller. The Evening Telegram commented two years earlier: It is not so long ago that the whole country was inhabited by Indians. Only two years earlier the Ontario Board of Health had reported, Toronto Bay is a disgrace to the city. He succeeded early in the 19th translate this entire site, please click here: Famous In 2000, Canada declared Thanadelthur as a Person of National Historic Significance. Indian Chiefs Red Crow did not realize at the time the full consequences of this decision. During the ceremony, An Ode to Brant, a poem written by a young Six Nations writer was read. This site has been accessed 10,000,000 times since Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, vol. The Indian Department had placed low and unprincipled characters146 over them, the article stated. Relations between the Chipewyan and Cree peoples were hostile in the early 1700s. American Wovoka (Paiute) Within two years of the photo being taken, all nine children pictured, several of whom were his own, had died of tuberculosis. The chiefs had varying experiences in Canada. He opposed the permit system that prevented band members from selling any portion of their crop or livestock without permission. McDougalls summary of their activities in southern Ontario and Quebec is impressive: We examined the manufactories and beheld the crude material transformed into articles of use in every walk in life; saw iron cast into stoves, door locks, plows and car furnishings; saw wood made into paper covered with the news of the world; looked at the wool as it came from the sheep and witnessed it turned into flannels and blankets; saw cotton as it grew made into prints; went to Eddys Mills in Hull and saw the manufacture of pails, tubs, washboards, and matches for the millions.118 The air in Hull reeked from the stench of the Eddy Match Company and the lumber mills upstream. From their reserves to the south of Calgary the well-respected Blood Chief, Red Crow, his pipe carrier, One Spot, and North Axe, the newly elected chief of the Peigans, left at the beginning of October. Chief Roman Nose, Cheyenne They returned to the federal capital, just before Red Crow, One Spot, and North Axe stepped off the train with LHeureux. Cochise (Apache) George Ham, Among the Bloods. 49 Our Indian Visitors. At home very few had chairs or used bedsteads.58 In contrast, Red Crow had owned a regular bed for sometime and knew the comfort of a mattress.59 Apparently the Alberta chiefs slept on the mattresses in their hotel rooms, but held partially to the old ways. In 2000 a land claim was settled between the Nisga'a people of British Columbia and the provincial government, resulting in the return of over 2,000 square kilometres of land to the Nisga'a. Sitting Bull (Hunkpapa Sioux) 30 Indigenous Leaders | The Canadian Encyclopedia Closed Captioning and Described Video is available for many CBC shows offered on CBC Gem. Longboat'scoaches and the press didnt approve of his training regime and called him lazy when he incorporated hard, easy and recovery days something that is now the norm. 132 Samson translated by John McDougall, The Poor Cree, London Daily Free Press, 6 September 1886. Named Slon-he, which literally translates to slow, Sitting 149 Memorandum, 7 January 1887, Deputy Superintendent Generals Letterbooks, RG 10, vol. Members of the group were Jack Beardy (Cree), Eddy Cobiness (Ojibway), Alex Janvier (Dene, Saulteaux), Norval Morrisseau (Ojibway), Daphne Odjig (Potawatomi, Odawa), Carl Ray (Cree) and Joseph Sanchez (Pueblo, Spanish, German). Students farming at the Mohawk Institute, circa 1940s. Little Turtle (Miami) He came in second place in a virtual tie with a conservative candidate; officials chose Prez's opponent for the runoff election and Prez dropped out of the race. Great Native American Chiefs | Group of Native He died at the ripe age of 87 at the Pine Ridge 105 Cyril Greenland and John D. Griffin, The Honorable Mary Macdonald: a lesson in attitude, Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. Rev. Although he inherited a medicine bundle, he became In Anglican missionary John Hiness words, Big Child excelled all the other Indians in his enthusiasm for hymn-singing; he was too old to learn to read, but he had no difficulty in committing the words to memory, and when he sang unto the Lord, making melody in his heart.54. The Indian Chiefs Visit the Premier and Lady MacdonaldCrowfoots Speech, Montreal Daily Herald, 11 October 1886. FAMOUS CHIEFS John McDougall, and Rev. led the last great Native American uprising, after which For roughly two decades he had lived with the Blackfoot. Under his administration, Indigenous groups were given an option to apply for political autonomy in their ancestral territories, giving the communities an opportunity for representation in government. Zepeda even developed a grammar textbook in the language after finding out there were no materials for teaching it in schools. Famous Iroquois people include Dekanawidah, the author of the Iroquois Constitution, and the prophet Handsome Lake. He had taken up farming and cattle-raising.57, The Saskatchewan First Nations kept to their custom of sleeping on the floor. John Ross (Cherokee) An Interesting Conversation with the Renowned Crowfoot. HISTORIC BATTLES The Chief maintained his friendly ties with the whites, but he later became disillusioned. John C. Ewers writes; A normal days march was about ten to fifteen miles, see: The Blackfeet. He is currently writing a new book Blind Spot, a look at non-Indigenous Canadians perspectives on the First Nations, 18672017. As there is no h or l in Blackfoot,18 ota is how they pronounced hotel. With interpreter Lacombe, Crowfoot and Three Bulls visited many churches and public buildings, the dockyards, and a number of city businesses, one of which was the headquarters of the Canadian Pacific Railway. 9) Sacajawea Image Gallery, American Horse (Sioux) The Cree chief had left in early August with great optimism. Cheyenne, Dull Knife, Cheyenne She teaches the Tohono O'odham language (of which shes a fluent speaker) at the University of Arizona, where shes the Regents professor of linguistics and affiliate faculty in American Indian studies. Gordon Smith, the Superintendent of the Six Nations, stated on 8 October 1908 that former pupils of the Mohawk Institute are reluctant to send their own children there because they consider the discipline is too strict. See: W.F. She helped preserve records of the Sioux people and dialects through translation, oral histories, studies, and writing. The Mail Correspondent had a Long Talk with Red Crow, Toronto Daily Mail, 28 January 1886. nationally-syndicated newspapers. They were originally hunter-gatherers dependent on caribou, moose and the fur trade. which came true. We recognize the resilience of Indigenous storytellers and Knowledge Keepers who have kept their stories alive despite attempts to silence them. Black Hawk's real name Gabriel Dumont was a resistance fighter known for his bravery and great military skill. Whether in Peru, Brazil, Canada or the United States, Indigenous peoples have rich histories and knowledge that are increasingly endangered as colonial languages and cultures become the norm.Many Indigenous groups struggle to be legally recognized and gain equal rights as minorities in their respective countries. John McDougall, Calgary Tribune, 3 December 1886. The Great Blackfoot Chief and His First Lieutenant, Ottawa Free Press, 9 October 1886. him from supporting the Ghost Dance movement. In light of McDougalls repeated protests against the Indian Act and the newly instituted pass system to restrict First Nations travel off the reserve, the government declined to fund the Methodist contingent. 24 George Bird Grinnell, Blackfoot Lodge Tales. I salute the light within your eyes where the whole Universe dwells. He Ahtahkakoops daughter had married Edward Genereux, who worked at Fort Carlton during the 1860s. leader rather than a mere follower. The western chiefs wore their treaty medals. 123 Very useful is Melvin Steinhauers volume, Shawahnekizhek. The Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, vol. 3) Sitting Bull Corn Planter John Maclean spent eight years with the Bloods in the 1880s. By using sign language the Peigan chief gave instructions to the Indian agent to send his son and brother to the Mohawk Institute to be educated.88 Red Crow returned convinced that education could help solve his communitys problems. Who are your heroes? Copyright Others have also reported. 40 Glenbow Archives/ NA132; also National Archives of Canada/ PA 45666. Major ethnicities include the: These peoples live in the boreal forest in what are now Canada's western provinces and territories. Tate Archives & Special Collections, The Ames Library, Illinois Wesleyan University Bloomington, Illinois. Later amendments added additional paternalist and offensive features.110. Sarah Carter, Lost Harvest. The famous author Henry Wadsworth Longfellow John McDougall, dated Morley, Alberta, 27 November 1886, Calgary Tribune, 3 December 1886. 1. Evo Morales, of the Aymara Indigenous group, was elected the first Indigenous president of Bolivia in 2006. attack against an English troop led by General George Caari attorney and activist Yaku Prez was the Indigenous party Pachakutiks candidate in Ecuador's 2021 presidential election. Was it a bang-up job or a bungle? Wyoming. Dreaver was eighteen when he arrived in the North West to work at Fort Carlton (p. 734, endnote 32). The film shined a spotlight on the foster care system in Alberta and its mistreatment of Indigenous children. Known as Obwandiyag in Ottawa, Chief Pontiac defended the Wolf Robe (Cheyenne) Who Are Some Famous Iroquois People Pakan recalled her work in Regina in mid-October 1886; She came to teach school on our reserve. WebCrowfoot was a chief of the Siksika First Nation. Rebecca Rolfe, abandoning her Native American heritage. 14: 19111920 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998), 652654. Wolf Robe, Cheyenne whom she has a son named Jean Baptiste. The chiefs travelled in an hour approximately the same distance one could cover on a horse in day.10. Hilaria Supa Huamn's early experiences of sexism, racism, and violence while she worked as a maid left her with lifelong arthritis and influenced her present political action. Canadas National History Society acknowledges that we meet and work across the ancestral lands of many Indigenous peoples: First Nations, Inuit, and Mtis. Black Man, Arapaho Both were Christians who believed that the tenets of genuine Christianity resembled those of Cree traditional spirituality. This became the Council of St. Laurent, a local government led by Dumont. The Saskatchewan group left for Ottawa, via Toronto on October 21. SIX 19TH CENTURY NATIVE AMERICAN LEADERS ON HORSEBACK (l-r) Little Plume (Piegan), Buckskin Charley (Ute), Geronimo (Chiricahua Apache), Quanah Parker (Comanche), Hollow Horn Bear (Brul Sioux), and American Horse (Oglala Sioux). The daughter of a Mohawk chief and his well-educated English wife, she was too retiring to read it herself. Red Crow was particularly impressed by the banquet speech that evening given in perfect English by A.G. Smith (Deh-ka-nen-ra-neh), whose Mohawk name meant Two Rows of People.68 Speaking in his second language, the chief caused his non-Indigenous audience to both laugh and applaud. He went to Canada for a short while after more widely known as a War Chief. his tribesmen for 25 years. (Winnipeg now had 20,00015 people.) As historian Dempsey writes: They cast aside all the stoicism of the previous days, wiping out all the tensions and strangeness of the white mans world, and relaxed within sight of the familiar Rocky Mountains.148. This resulted in the formation of the Provisional Government of Saskatchewan, with Riel as president and Dumont the adjutant general of the Metis people. Foreseeing the decline of buffalo in the prairies, he implemented a long-term political program to sustain the economic and political independence of Saskatchewan Mtis. Nevertheless they still detested the institution.77 The discipline was very strict. A Story of Tom Longboat. They made use of the forests of the Pacific to build dug-out canoes, and houses made of evenly split planks of wood. At the end of his first year, Loft lived in Caledonia, supporting himself by working for his board and lodging. 14: 19111920 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998), 806. Rain-in-the-Face (Sioux) 66 The Brant Memorial, Toronto Globe, 14 October 1886. Seattle (Suquamish) 53 Christenson, Ahtahkakoop, 136. https://listverse.com/2017/10/16/10-greatest-native-american-chiefs-and-leaders Kateri died of tuberculosis shortly before her 24th birthday. Tecumseh allied himself with the British troops to turn back the American tide. Ojibwe Voices from Nineteenth-Century Canada (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2013), 261264. Native American Chiefs in 1865. In 1886 John A. Macdonald invited a number of prominent chiefs who remained loyal during the Northwest Rebellion of 1885 to travel to Central Canada. They also wanted protection provided for the remaining buffalo herds. Reservation, where his remains are buried. In 1876, Crazy Horse led a group of Lakotans and It also had representation on the school board established in 1878 to administer another ten or so schools for Grand River Six Nations students. OSoup, or Osoop, which meant literally backfat, was a noted orator, and a successful farmer on the Cowessess Reserve.56, A fourth man, Kahkewistahaw, meaning in Cree he who flies around, commonly known in English as Flying in a Circle, completed the party. There is probably no more famous Chief in all of Canada than Chief Clarence Louie of Osoyoos, British Columbia. Biographical Sketches and Names of Successful Students 1847 to 1875(Toronto: Warwick Bros & Rutter, 1898), 137. Not all the children were Crowfoots own, personal communication, Hugh Dempsey, 4 July 2017. 16 Robert Prvost, Montral. John McDougall, dated Morley, Alberta, 27 November 1886, Calgary Tribune, 3 December 1886. The map shows the home reserves of some of the loyal chiefs, as well as the flash points of the 1885 Northwest Rebellion. 75 This is a huge topic, for an overview see: Canadas Residential Schools; The History, Part 1. The two men were approximately the same age, around seventy. TRIBAL COURTS The Blackfoot representatives returned to Ottawa on October 16, before departing for Alberta on October 18.96 In Ottawa, or possibly after a short stop en route in Toronto, they encountered an extraordinary phenomenon. DaphneOdjig 9. Left to right:Starblanket (Ahtahkakoop), Louis O'Soup, Flying-In-A-Circle (Kahkiwistahaw), Peter Hourie, and Big Child (Mistawasis) in a photo taken October 16, 1886, on their visit to Brantford, Ontario. In many of his works, a gender fluid alter ego named Miss Chief Eagle Testickle appears in quasi-historical scenes to represent outsiders interpretations of Indigenous culture. In 2006, she was elected to Peru's Congress and took her oath in Quechua, her primary language, an act that caused stoked anti-Indigenous sentiment among her peers. Students of the Institute also experienced a particular type of upbringing, removed from their family, separated from students of the opposite gender and taught that their traditional culture had little value. Native American against the US military. Sacajawea's face now appears on the dollar The schools were conceived, designed and run almost entirely by non-Indigenous people. Each time he received a whipping and was made to promise not to do it again.81, Yet, at the same time, if one accepts superintendent Robert Ashtons testimony in 1886 about the Mohawk Institutes first fifty years, there was evidence of some academic success: Of the past graduates of this Institution, there are at present actively engaged in their professions: two clergymen, two physicians, one civil engineer and Dominion land surveyor, two civil service clerks, seventeen school teachers, and many others have qualified as teachers but are engaged in other callings. Top 10 indigenous heroes includes Elijah Harper, Alanis Obomsawin Audience Relations, CBC P.O. The NWMP was once again dispatched to quash the Mtis government, thereby starting the Northwest Rebellion of 1885. Great Indigenous Canadian artists In the late 1970s, Banks turned toward more peaceful actions and organized The Longest Walk, a five-month march from California to Washington, D.C. to foster awareness of Native rights. 130 Donald B. Smith, Mississauga Portraits. by Ruth Matheson Buck, Saskatchewan History, 27,1 (Winter 1964), 17. Barefoot taught at the Mohawk Institute in the 1870s, and once served as the acting principal. opponent of the English, as he eventually led a band of Once the door closed, it descended, seemingly going to the place, where the white men say the Great Evil Spirit dwells. Finally it stopped. White 2 T.D. 60 The Chiefs Arrive from Quebec, Montreal Daily Herald, 7 October 1886. Indian Chiefs, Native Indigenous War Heroes - More Than a Few Good Men OBITUARIES, Science & Wonder The Haida chief best known to the whites. She learned to speak Cree, to the delight of the children.130, McDougall had known Chief Samson, who was considerably older than Pakan, since the 1860s, when they went on buffalo hunts together. The photo was taken in Brantford in October 1886. He is best remembered for his portraits of First Nations people, such as the Tsuu Tina (then known as Sarcee) and the Blackfoot. The boy learned to speak perfect English and the technical skills of farming. The chiefs argued that the release of Big Bear would be very gratifying to the Cree nation. 109 The government finally acted and released Big Bear in February 1887, but he was in poor health he died within a year. Arapaho Chiefs. 120 O. German, Pukan, The Missionary Outlook, 6,7 (July 1886), 90. The list was created through an online questionnaire, where 12,000 respondents were asked the question Which Canadians have inspired you the most over the last 150 years?. Geronimo/Goyathlay (Apache) Crazy Horse is a Lakota who had the name Thasuka Witko, 133 Samson translated by John McDougall, The Poor Cree, London Daily Free Press, 6 September 1886. Together with Hudsons Bay employee William Stuart and 150 Cree people, she started the 11-month trek across the subarctic. Native Resistance Discourse 18501990 (Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 2010), 83. Col. come together to form the Five Nations of the Iroquois American actor, philanthropist, social commentator, 18 I thank Hugh and Pauline Dempsey for this information, 10 March 2017. 21 Crowfoot as translated by the reserve interpreter in, George Ham, The Blackfeet Chief. 121 Three Western Indians, Toronto Globe, 8 August 1886. Ella Cara Deloria, one of the first bilingual, bicultural anthropologists, was born on the Yankton Indian Reservation in South Dakota in 1889. The areas used here are in accordance to those developed by the ethnologist and linguist Edward Sapir, and used by the Canadian Museum of Civilization.[1]. Low-Dog (Lakota) Thanks to the granting of limited rations the situation had improved by 1886. However, Sir John A. Macdonalds government did not intend to recognize the Mtis as a self-governing people. She He had sought to keep the peace, but he had lost control of his community. Already local settlers had called for the surrender of portions of the QuAppelle Valley reserves. The North-West Chiefs visit an Industrial Institution, Toronto Globe, 15 October 1886, page 1. 80 Donald B. Smith, Frederick Ogilvie Loft, Dictionary of Canadian Biography. He attended Huron College in London, Ontario and was ordained in the Church of England. They stood in front of the majestic nine-foot bronze statue placed on the top of a granite pedestal. On October 12 they travelled with the Saskatchewan chiefs to the Brantford ceremony. Ojibwe civil rights activist Dennis Banks, born on the Leech Lake Reservation in Minnesota in 1937, led often-violent demonstrations against the U.S. governments mistreatment of Native Americans during the 1960s and 1970s. 150 Peter Erasmus, as told to Henry Thompson, Buffalo Days and Nights (Calgary: Fifth House, 1999), 270. 50 Crowfoot and Comrades. Hugh A. Dempsey, Red Crow, Warrior Chief (Saskatoon: Western Producer Prairie Books, 1980), 142143. The Epic Account of a Plains Cree Head Chief, His People, and Their Struggle for Survival, 18161896(Shell Lake, Sask. 99 A. McDonald, Indian Agent, Crooked Lake, 26 November 1886 (copy), R.G. hawk in his native tongue of Sauk. Pakans remarks, translated by John McDougall, Missionary Meeting, Regina Leader, 19 October 1886. Thomas Green, a Mohawk surveyor who had graduated from McGill University and at the time worked in the North-West Territories, had encouraged the prime minister. These dwellings became breeding grounds for illnesses. Did you know that Canada Day used to be called Dominion Day? The Whitefish and Goodfish Cree tended crops and raised animals. Chief Dan George 7. The leaders of some Plains tribes wore large headdresses made of feathers, something which is wrongfully attributed by some to all First Nations peoples. MISSION BASKETS Bigfoot (Lakota) Fortunately, all the 120 or so pupils escaped the fire. Get exclusive content you wont find in our magazines. 88 John Maclean, Canadian Savage Folk. They slept on the bed cover and did not use a pillow for their heads at all.60. On Sundays the towns and cities were dead silent, apart from the pealing of church bells. He delighted the people with his singing and speaking.. A True American Hero Today, her work is still used to study Sioux culture, ethnography, and language. FAMOUS INDIAN CHIEFS LEADERS WARRIORS QUOTATIONS SPEECHES. The Life and Times of E. Pauline Johnson, Tekahionwake (Toronto: HarperCollins Canada, 2002), 4952. 151 John McDougall, A Midsummer Trip Among Our Missions in the North, The Missionary Outlook, March 1894, 36. Charles Alexander Osceola (Seminole) 98 Sally M. Weaver, The Iroquois: The Grand River Reserve in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries, 18751945, in Aboriginal Ontario. chief. States in 1806. After serving a prison sentence for burglary, he founded the American Indian Movement with other Native American activists in 1968. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, Frederick Webb Hodge, 1906. Plains Indians regarded the earth as a flat expanse of land dominated by natural features such as the Rocky Mountains that they called, The Backbone of the World. 11, Now the Blackfoot travelled to the outermost extremities of their known world, first to Regina, population roughly four hundred,12 then on to Winnipeg, a city with a population of over 15,000.13 In Winnipeg Red Crow enjoyed his first dish of ice cream, a new delight that he called sweet snow.14. In April 1903, eighteen years after the chiefs visit, a spectacular fire left the school in ashes. Joseph Brant (Mohawk) If you see an error here, please use this form. The Native Tribes of Canada (Toronto: William Briggs, 1896), 491. The author, a great-grandson of Henry B. Steinhauer, writes (p. 41): When Henry Bird Steinhauer asked his fellow Indians to follow Christ, he did not want to destroy their way of life or all of their religious beliefs. The Story of a Prairie People (Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press 1962), 219. 74 By the custom of the Six Nations descent was traced in the womans line, the children being of the clan of their mother and not of their father. 61 Sarah Carter, Allan Macdonald, Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1092, 453, microfilm reel C7219, Library and Archives Canada. Webster upon his visit to the Mohawk Institute, Brantford, and the Grand River Reserve Canada, October 1908 (London: Spottiswoode & Co., October 1908), 13. It is said that after her death her smallpox scars healed. Among her achievements, Dr. Cunningham Kain has advocated for the rights of Indigenous people and women and awareness of climate change impacts on Indigenous communities. Who is an 'Aboriginal leader The Blackfoot Confederacy members travelled with two interpreters. plane crash in Barrow, Alaska. She was raised in the Lakota community and was fluent in the Dakota and Lakota dialects of the Sioux language. Three Loyal Chiefs, Belleville Intelligencer, 2 September 1886. It discouraged Native self-help, and self-sufficiency, as well as self-respect. In 1840, Chief Peguis and his wife were baptized by Anglican missionaries and adopted the names William and Victoria King. The Anglican minister who was the incumbent of St. Johns and Christ Church at Six Nations served as the Inspector of the Six Nations schools in Brant County85. In collaboration, William Johnson Kerr, Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. Crow'), Nawat It must have been considerable. February 8, 1996. The high level of sound was constant during the weekdays. At the turn of the century E. Pauline Johnson, also known as Tekahionwake, had become Canadas best-known female poet and one of North Americas most notable entertainers. The Indian Act gave the department unwarranted autocratic power. None of the First Nations impressions of their trips are directly recorded. Tecumseh (Shawnee) The Mohawk Institute impressed the Plains visitors. If anything happens in the great country over the water you have it in your paper; but the poor Cree knows nothing of the world or what is in it. 132, The telephone, invented a decade earlier, was the greatest surprise. These items are presented as part of the historical record and should not be interpreted to mean that the WebMasters in any way endorse the stereotypes implied . Irene Parlby (1868 - 1965) Irene Parlby had a fascinating life as an English aristocrat and a member of the Famous Five. J. Hines, The Red Indians of the Plains. Deanna Christensen, a former Moose Jaw Times-Herald reporter, brought to her historical study an unusual ability to identify and vividly recount important stories and events. The First Nations tour led by Methodist missionary John McDougall had left first, in early August. The tall (over six foot) Plains Cree in his mid-seventies came from the Kahkewistahaw Reserve, which was named after him, on the south side of the QuAppelle Valley beside Cowessess. They Interview Sir John Macdonald and the Other Ministers, Ottawa Free Press, 23 October 1886. He graduated from the school in 1854. The Haida chief best known to the whites. By November all three groups had returned home. Let them see how their Indian brethren are prospering in those provinces; let them understand that the Indian can subsist like the white man where there is no game; and let them understand that the government do not wish to exterminate them.2. The Oneida Indian Tribe of Wisconsin This Great Native American Chiefs online exhibit was put together as part of a University of Michigan Library diversity goal. The exhibit creators both have a strong interest in Native American history and culture.
