While peace building is possible, many challenges remain. xref Population aged 15-64 . What cultural violence makes this structural violence seem acceptable? Due to decades of heavy censorship, Myanmar continues to have a hyperactive rumor mill in which information from fellow community membersbe it online of face-to-faceis given preferential treatment to news originating from official media outlets. Accusations. What roles have state, sub-state and transnational actors played in fomenting sectarian discord? Myanmar has maintained steady growth over the past century despite its battles both in ending British rule and with the ongoing civil wars. 0000002503 00000 n Among his alleged crimes. Looser censorship has also correlated with the increasing penetration of social media into Burmese society. For a listing of MEI donors, please click here. 0000010535 00000 n hVmo6+p&(8qzX ? The fertility rate in Myanmar is 2.13 births per woman, which is high enough for population replacement (2.1 births per woman); however, it has been declining over the past several years, contributing to the slowing population growth rate. The segregation these actions caused between local Buddhist and Muslim communities continues to foment distrust and lingering resentment amongst local Rakhine Buddhists and Rohingya. The short form, which was asked of 80 percent of the total population, includes only seven basic questions: name, relationship to the head of the household, sex, age, marital status, race and religion. Ashin Wirathu argues that Muslim extremists are plotting to transform Myanmar into an Islamic country. 0000003981 00000 n hbbd``b`:$C3`\@ !$+ n r6#+#E To date, Buddhist mobs have killed more than 200 Muslims, the majority of whom are Rohingya, and caused the displacement of more than 140,000.[9]. Are religious doctrinal differences primarily responsible for stoking intercommunal fear and hatred? Middle East Institute http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/world/asia/rise-in-bigotry-fuels-mass. They can also inspire nearly unfathomable acts of love and peacebuilding. WebInflation Rate in Myanmar increased to 19.55 percent in July from 19.42 percent in June of 2022. WebPew Forum on Religion & Public Life / Mapping the Global Muslim Population www.pewforum.org 39 Estimated Percentage Range of Shia by Country Afghanistan 10 Christians make up just 6 percent of the However, the BBC reports that not all countries give legitimacy to the change due to the fact that the change was brought by the unelected military regime. dPblafLfC9. Web Last Friday Good Friday Myanmars military court sentenced the former leader of the Kachin Baptist Convention to six years in prison. Nearly 88% of Myanmars population identify themselves as Buddhist, with other religious denominations, such as Christians, Muslims, and Hindus, making up the Some are the perpetrators of violence, some are working to end violence and promote peace, many more are bystanders, who may build up cultural violence, cultural peace, or even both. Christianity is the second largestreligion in Myanmar, making up around 8% of the population. [nor] could [they] write or read the official Bamar language used in government communications.[19] Indeed, the majority of Rohingya speak a dialect similar to Bengali, and many can read and write in Urdu. These laws were most common in the Middle East and North Africa, where 18 of the 20 countries (90%) in the region have laws criminalizing blasphemy and 13 of them (65%) outlaw apostasy. (7u%Vd{|>ap"N:.9c~j,1B^U#pilGd`}K H6K@>*#Eg/,gGRL$ VHS{UmN0bo]Y||YWt4@4*^Q@xqh(PG"+m1_ O3Twy(P){g]mQy^ZU3hYkKpPp\(xy-9|Z(B/`7 0YY8{]\aqzMr*fB"Y$2~DIO"frp5Toe1 E_L_1p Q]"5|R9~CM{/ ] AvSWmnY;I$|dzR2/)QgQKm&OJCuM5Lmw0DV]QJ?P3#2;aQ A>E `@q Some monasteries have organized humanitarian aid for Muslims who have been displaced by the violence. Web Myanmar Population LIVE retrieving data. The Buddhists described here span a wide range of values regarding the intersection of their religion and violence. Members of the majority Buddhist Burmese population have forcibly displaced many of the Rohingya, a Muslim minority group mainly centered in the southwest of the country. It is a doctrine, a philosophy based on the teaching of the Buddha contained in the Four Noble Truths: 1) The truth of suffering; 2) the cause of suffering; 3) the cessation of suffering and; 4) the path that leads to the cessation of suffering. Church planting agencies in Myanmar (Burma), Joshua Project data is drawn from many sources and of varying accuracy depending on source and editorial decisions. If you have information about these groups, please contact us. This act essentially legitimized discrimination against the Rohingya, which continues today. H\j0~ 0000004282 00000 n Copyright 2023 The President and Fellows of Harvard College, Religion and Society Graduate Certificate (Harvard Extension School). 26 0 obj <> endobj Officially, 4% of the inhabitants of Myanmar are Muslim. This glossary lists terms that are used in various places in the religion and country profiles. Furthermore, the governments tacit approval of policies that discriminate against the Rohingya, coupled with the role of social media in propagating hate speech, have fostered an enabling environment that has prolonged the sectarian violence. [6] Yegar, Between Integration and Secession The Muslim Communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand, and Western Burma/ Myanmar (Maryland: Lexington Books, 2002), 37. (States / Districts only available for South Asia). [14] Unforgiving History, The Economist (November 3, 2012), http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21565638-why-buddhists-and-muslims-r. Myanmar has 676,578 square kilometers of surface area available within its boundaries. RELIGION AND PUBLIC LIFE, Harvard Divinity School14 DivinityAvenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138. my.hds |Harvard Divinity School |Harvard University |Privacy | Accessibility | Digital Accessibility | Trademark Notice | Reporting Copyright InfringementCopyright 2023 President and Fellows of Harvard College. Interestingly enough, "The two words mean the same thing and one is derived from the other. 813-821. The Bamar account for around 68% of the population, followed by the Shan (10%), Kayin (7%), Rakhine (4%) and overseas Chinese (3%). Strategic Technologies and Cyber Security, Oman Library at the Middle East Institute, Earth Day: Environmental Opportunities and Challenges in the Middle East, Womens Reproductive Rights and Abortion in Morocco: Regulatory Reforms Should Not Miss the Bigger Picture, http://www.networkmyanmar.com/images/stories/PDF12/rohingya-origins-1-r, http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21582321-fuelled-dangerous-brew-fait, http://www.networkmyanmar.org/images/stories/PDF15/Leider-Note.pdf, http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=3ae6b4f71b, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/world/asia/rise-in-bigotry-fuels-mass, http://www.theforeignreport.com/2013/07/01/burma-buddhism-and-the-rise-, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/SEA-01-180314.html, http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21565638-why-buddhists-and-muslims-r, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-03-01/an-myanmar-considers-law-restricting-interfaith-marriage/5292534, http://www.fortifyrights.org/downloads/Policies_of_Persecution_Feb_25_F, http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs15/Rakhine_Commission_Report-en-red.pdf, http://www.rsis.edu.sg/publications/Perspective/RSIS2212013.pdf, http://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/handle/10220/8784/RSIS1312012.pdf?sequen, http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/burma0413webwcover_0.pdf, http://www.amnestyusa.org/news/press-releases/abuse-against-myanmar-s-r, Indonesia and the Middle East: Exploring Connections, Islam, Migrants and Multiculturalism: A Glance at Germany, Korea and Beyond, Sectarian Violence Involving Rohingya in Myanmar: Historical Roots and Modern Triggers. <<57BE3D378E3A604FB7CB217D76EC3B8D>]>> trailer One Buddhist nationalist monk, U Wirathu, was even described on the cover of Time Magazine as The Face of Buddhist Terror in 2013. note: religion estimate is based on the 2014 H\0>E? B-x`u The Buddha lived an ascetic life with several monks and priests. During the riots in Meiktila in March 2013, Burmese police did little, if anything, to contain the situation. How does the situation in Myanmar make simplistic statements like these problematic? WebThe majority of Myanmars population is rural, with the density of settlement in each region related to agricultural production, particularly of rice. Due to historical ties between Hinduism and Buddhism, Hindus have faced far less discrimination than Muslim Indians such as the Rohingya. Myanmar has a population of approximately 55.4 million in 2023. Thus, despite clear evidence that Islamophobic monastic rhetoric has increased violence, by denying that violence was their intention, many of these monks claim their karmic conscience is clear. There are at least 108 ethnolinguistic groups in Myanmar. WebMyanmar Myanmar - Overview Population. 0000011636 00000 n Data have been collected WebReligion in Myanmar The overwhelming majority of Myanmars population practices Theravada Buddhismaround 88 percent. Burma Religions - Demographics Burma Religions Factbook > Countries > Burma > Demographics Religions: Buddhist 87.9%, Christian 6.2%, Muslim 4.3%, Animist 0.8%, Hindu 0.5%, other 0.2%, none 0.1% (2014 est.) Denise Cush, Catherine Robinson and Michael York (New York: Routledge, 2008), pp. From 1948 to 1961, the Rohingya Mujahideen fought to create a separate Islamic State. The organized movement has enlisted monasteries across Myanmar to spread radical anti-Muslim messages through Sunday schools, and by handing out stickers and distributing pamphlets and DVDs.[11] As David Steinberg of Georgetown University highlights, the significance of Buddhist monks leading this campaign cannot be underestimated, as few, if any, in the Burman community can publicly dispute a monks announcement on an ostensibly religious issue.[12] Indeed, monks wield the highest level of moral authority in Myanmar and can thus pursue an ethno-nationalist agenda without hindrance. Clicking Update will rewrite the URL in the address bar allowing you to bookmark this page. The Points represent the approximate center of a larger area. 0000006213 00000 n 19, Issue 10 (2013), 1. This is especially the case for the Muslim Rohingya ethnic group who have been living for generations on the northwestern facade of Myanmar in Rakhine State. The demographic study based on analysis of more than 2,500 censuses, surveys and population registers finds 2.2 billion Christians (32% of the worlds population), 1.6 billion Muslims (23%), 1 billion Hindus (15%), nearly 500 million Buddhists (7%) and 14 million Jews (0.2%) around the world as of 2010. 0000026145 00000 n Population, by age group, per cent . Web As International Crisis Group ICG pointed out in a comprehensive report published on 10 March 2023 Myanmars Buddhist clergy has largely remained silent in. Births attended by skilled health personnel, per cent, 2004-2020 Population aged 0-14, percent: Proportion of the population between age 0 and age 14. As I have noted in another article, whereas during the period of the military junta ethnic tensions and separatism were held at bay by . The founder of Buddhism is the Buddha,Siddharta Gautamawho lived in the 5th century BC. endstream endobj 40 0 obj <> endobj 41 0 obj <>stream [9] Jane Perlez, Rise in Bigotry Fuels Massacre Inside Myanmar, New York Times (March 2, 2014), http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/world/asia/rise-in-bigotry-fuels-mass. Click the image in the popup window for a people group profile. Since the opening of Myanmar in 2011, President Thein Sein has pursued broad economic and political reforms of policies created by former military leaders. s\A0W+z=;;4{LqMQ(|> For more information see the Joshua Project Small Group Policy. This includes 1,930 km of coastline. Their children are often forced to participate in Buddhist rituals which take place at school every morning before class begins. Other data may have varying ages. Each point represents a people group in a country. We will also examine the unique blend of animism and spirit worship that is deeply rooted in Burmese culture. WebIn Christian-majority contexts like CAR, southern Nigeria, and coastal West Africa, religion plays a stronger role. And what could be done to avert sectarian violence, to foster tolerance and peaceful coexistence, and to promote reconciliation? Settlement in the Sittang delta, the 188 (28 November, 2012), 2. endstream endobj 92 0 obj <> endobj 93 0 obj <> endobj 94 0 obj <>stream Burmese Hindus are a mix of Bengalis, Tamils, Telegus, and Uttar Pradeshis who arrived in Burma under British colonialism. Web Christians in Myanmar are estimated to make up around 82 of the population roughly 55 Protestant 13 Roman Catholic and the remainder members of independent. endstream endobj 37 0 obj <> endobj 38 0 obj <> endobj 39 0 obj <>stream Very small groups reported, but outside the Joshua Project Small Group Policy. They can inspire horrific violence. 1 (January/ February 2014), 28. Skip to main content. On the other hand, Christians, Muslims, Hindus and others are also practiced in The quality of life can be examined in numerous manners, including exploring healthcare, access to improved sanitation and drinking water, as well as the World Happiness Report. Labor force in Myanmar 2010-2018. During the Inquiry Commission,[20] some Rakhine Buddhists stated that they feared Rohingya could revive the same violent agenda as previous Mujahid rebels in Rakhine State.[21]. Little, if any, history of Christianity. In general, Christian ethnic minorities are have faced discrimination in Myanmar and treatment as second-class citizens. Today, these people live in refugee camps in their own country. This has resulted in significant transformations in areas such as censorship, whereby efforts by Buddhist monks to propagate anti-Muslim narratives are now facilitated by Myanmars reforms. In 1989, an unelected military regime changed the name of Burma to Myanmar. The Inquiry Commission into sectarian violence in Rakhine State released in 2013 found that Rohingya living in rural areas could not speak any indigenous languages of Myanmar well . Nearly 90 of the country is Buddhist and most are members of the majority. [18] Policies of Persecution Ending Abusive State Policies Against Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar, Fortify Rights (25 February 2014), http://www.fortifyrights.org/downloads/Policies_of_Persecution_Feb_25_F. 0000007162 00000 n One of the reasons for the falling fertility rates and birth rates is the increasing number of unmarried women in addition to the increased access to contraception. Data is not as precise as it appears. 221/2013 (December 3, 2013), http://www.rsis.edu.sg/publications/Perspective/RSIS2212013.pdf. MEI welcomes financial donations, but retains sole editorial control over its work and its publications reflect only the authors views. The historical origins of Rohingya Muslims in Northern Rakhine State are as tangled and complex as the history of Myanmar itself. endstream endobj 42 0 obj <> endobj 43 0 obj <>stream Pin Pa Patrimonios The essays in this series tackle these and other salient questions pertaining to sectarianism in the MENA and Asia Pacific regions. Ethnic minoritiessuch as the Chin, Kachin, Karin, and While the rise of 969 and Burman-Buddhist nationalism sparked the beginning of the recent inter-religious clashes, the violence has been prolonged by an enabling environment. Sr4cY\d_}AAA|} N &{=s&13333Ogah>7nZ4iqM> | NQwgO4wk\> >t'EYz v These Buddhist monastics, and supportive lay people, have also organized to advocate for economic and legal oppression of Muslims. WebApproximately 6 percent are Christians, primarily Baptists, Roman Catholics, and Anglicans, along with several small Protestant denominations. According to current projections, Myanmars population will see its highest number in 2054 with 62.32 million people. However, the large movement of Rohingyas in 2017 has halved the number of Muslims in the country.. Inflation Rate in Myanmar is expected to be 1200 percent by the end of this. About 87% of the population in Myanmar identify as Theravada Buddhists. There are people over age 18 in Myanmar. Joshua Project may be able to provide more information than what is published on this site. While the recent inter-religious violence begun in mid-2012 with the rape and murder of a twenty-seven-year-old Buddhist seamstress Ma Thida Htwewhich sparked an eruption of Muslim-Buddhist tension and the displacement of 70,000 Rohingya[8]Buddhist-Muslim violence has since spread beyond Rakhine State to Central and Northern Myanmar in the cities of Meiktila and Lashio. Stores are marked with the 969 symbol to verify the owner is Buddhist. Myanmar is the most religious Buddhist country with regard to the percentage of the population living as monks and the amount of money spent on religion. The vast majority of people, 89%, profess Buddhism. The most popular form of Buddhism in Myanmar is Theravada Buddhism, mixed with superstitions such as astrology, fortune-telling, and worship Try our business solution for free. 0000007275 00000 n The Burma Citizenship Law was enacted in 1982. Ongoing repression of Rohingya is driven by Burman Buddhist fear of Islamic encroachment into Myanmar, as well as an ongoing belief that the Rohingya could potentially threaten Burmese sovereignty by further segregating Rakhine State. After Christianity, the third-largestreligion in Myanmaris Islam. Throughout the 20th century, British colonial policy regularly pitted these groups against each other, creating a violent legacy that continues to this day. 0000006478 00000 n s\A0W+ WebAccording to the 2014 Myanmar Census, 87.9% of the population identifies as Buddhists. The violence has been coordinated and serious, and the UN Human Rights Office has stated that Myanmar is likely guilty of crimes against humanity or even ethnic cleansing.. Are religious doctrinal differences primarily responsible for stoking intercommunal fear and hatred? 0000012125 00000 n Share of children in total population in Myanmar from 2013 to 2022. You must help all beings who are in need, who are in trouble.. H\n0. . [15], As a consequence of this fear, discriminatory policies toward the Rohingya have been imposed. Join us on a journey of discovery as we explore the fascinating world of Myanmar's religion, and gain a deeper understanding of the cultural richness that makes Myanmar such a unique and captivating country. Data have been collected since 1948 through a set of questionnaires dispatched annually to over 230 national statistical offices and have been published in the. The current population of Myanmar in 2023 is. Prolonged periods of repression were accompanied by cycles of Rohingya migration from Rakhine State to bordering Bangladesh. Today, a segment of Burman Buddhist monks represented by Ashin Wirathu is re-igniting sentiments of intolerance and flaming lingering resentment toward Rohingya, preaching hateful rhetoric and sowing fear in the local Buddhist population in an attempt to change the ethnic demographics of Rakhine State. Web Religion in Myanmar Burma 1900 - 2100 Religious Population Growth Data Player Data Player 508K subscribers 39K views 1 year ago Statistics of major religion in. Again in 1971, a group of Rohingya pushed to join Bangladesh during its fight for independence from East Pakistan. Joshua Project occasionally adjusts profile text from third party sources. 5 (1799), 237, http://www.networkmyanmar.com/images/stories/PDF12/rohingya-origins-1-r. Be respectful of the different cultures and keep an open mind as you explore this beautiful country!
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