Secondly, in the acute phase of COVID-19, some patients show ocular symptoms including keratoconjunctivitis, epiphora and chemosis [14, 15]. In this first cross-sectional study of long-term complications, no traces of COVID-19 infection were found anatomically or functionally. (International) B.V. B. Schworm: Speaker honoraria and travel expenses from Novartis Pharma GmbH and Topcon Corporation. The hospitalized patients were examined a mean of 111.423.2days after their recovery and discharge. Lin Y, Jiang H, Liu Y, Rosa Gameiro G, Gregori G, Dong C, et al. Clinical and prodromal ocular symptoms in coronavirus disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Constantly); 2. Pereira LA, Soares LCM, Nascimento PA, Cirillo LRN, Sakuma HT, Veiga GL d, et al. volume21, Articlenumber:421 (2021) The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The virus poses a deadly threat to the elderly, as well as those who have pre-existing conditions. The retina white-yellowish dots verified in two of our patients (both critical cases) are similar to the ones described by Zago Filho et al.28 Our lesions were mainly concentrated in the outer retina, while in the former study, there were hyperreflective points observed in the vitreous and hyperreflective lesions in the level of inner plexiform and ganglion cell layers, in addition to outer retina changes. retinal vessels [34]. We would like to thank all patients and the study team of our Clinic of Ophthalmology. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal PubMed Central Sometimes, 2. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.1291. BMJ. de Groot RJ, Baker SC, Baric RS, Brown CS, Drosten C, Enjuanes L, Fouchier RAM, Galiano M, Gorbalenya AE, Memish ZA, Perlman S, Poon LLM, Snijder EJ, Stephens GM, Woo PCY, Zaki AM, Zambon M, Ziebuhr J. Mongkolchon Akesin/iStock via Getty Images By now, we all know that COVID-19 affects important organs like the lungs and the heart. By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. Thank you for visiting nature.com. At the end of 2019, the rapid spread of a new coronavirus led to a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), known as COVID-19, which was declared a pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization1. I was lethargic for months after my illness; my eyes began to hurt and were extremely sensitive to light. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Two hospitalized patients (9.5%) received invasive ventilation. Sungnak W, Huang N, Bcavin C, Berg M, Queen R, Litvinukova M, Talavera-Lpez C, Maatz H, Reichart D, Sampaziotis F, Worlock KB, Yoshida M, Barnes JL. Acta Ophthalmol. But it'll still take time to recover. Further studies with a longer follow-up and a larger sample size are warranted. Surv. We know COVID-19 deprives the entire body of oxygen, including the brain, and this is what can cause eye and vision complications. -Amber Dunn, O.D. Eye-related symptoms of coronavirus can include burning eyes, itchy eyes, red eyes, sore eyes, puffy eyes, swollen eyelids and watery eyes. Often, 3. Although in most patients COVID-19 manifests with fever and respiratory tract symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 infection may also involve other organs [37]. Since COVID-19 shows more severe courses in older patients, findings of decreased vessel density might not be due to past inflammatory processes, but rather represent normal age related alterations [41]. Before contracting COVID-19 I wore glasses, but the difficulty I had seeing was unlike anything Id experienced before. 2020. 8600 Rockville Pike Correspondence to Google Scholar. World Health Organization. 2020;729:139021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139021. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.18-25864. Jakob Siedlecki and Siegfried G. Priglinger contributed equally to this work. Nioi M, Napoli PE, Lobina J, Fossarello M, dAloja E. COVID-19 and Italian healthcare workers from the initial sacrifice to the MRNA vaccine: pandemic Chrono-history, epidemiological data, ethical dilemmas, and future challenges. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted 1968;220(5168):6500. Prior to 2019, coronaviruses, first discovered in 1968 [1], caused two epidemic outbreaks: In Hong Kong in 2003, in the form of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) [2,3,4] and in Saudi Arabia in 2012, in form of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) [5, 6]. TFOS DEWS II diagnostic methodology report. Marinho PM, Marcos AAA, Romano AC, Nascimento H, Belfort R. Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19. 2020;395(10223):497506. 2003;348(20):196776. Insausti-Garca A, Reche-Sainz JA, Ruiz-Arranz C, Lpez Vzquez , Ferro-Osuna M. Papillophlebitis in a COVID-19 patient: inflammation and Hypercoagulable state. Patients who had tested positive were either hospitalized or discharged into home quarantine via the emergency room. Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. At about the same time, the first outbreak occurred in Italy, which drew the attention of the scientific community to the political, health and therapeutic management of this crisis [9]. For example, in one case . Since its first detection in Wuhan in December 2019, a novel strain entitled SARS-CoV-2 has erupted into a long-lasting global pandemic, that was declared as such by the WHO in March 2020 [7]. Patients who had tested positive were either hospitalized or discharged into home quarantine via the emergency room. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. https://doi.org/10.2196/19462 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/220650b0. Other reported systemic symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, headaches, neurocognitive difficulties, muscle pains and weakness, gastrointestinal upset, rashes, metabolic disruption (such as poor control of diabetes), thromboembolic conditions, depression, and other mental health conditions10,11,12. Isolation of a Novel Coronavirus from a Man with Pneumonia in Saudi Arabia | NEJM. They were also asked about the presence of blurry vision and ocular pain at the moment of the ophthalmologic examination and if these symptoms were previous to COVID-19 diagnosis or if they appeared simultaneously with COVID-19 and persisted until the exam day. The .gov means its official. Mean visual acuity was 1.040.2 on the right and 1.010.2 on the left eye. 2007;48(7):330111. OCT and OCT-A showed no evidence of retinal damage, or vascular or microvascular events. [. Accessibility Google Scholar. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397 (2020). Article PubMed First, transmission via the eyes has been described via the lacrimal duct into the nose and upper airways [13]. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0868-6. Laboratory Results of Hospitalized Patients, Abbreviations: WBC Maximum white blood cell count, CRP C-reactive protein, IL-6 Interleukin-6, LDH Lactate dehydrogenase, CK Creatine kinase, a Data from 1 patient missing, b Data from 2 patients missing, c Data from 3 patients missing, CHD Coronary heart disease, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J. Intern. She was discharged from the hospital without answers and bounced around to various specialists to no availuntil she saw a doctor of optometry. She is passionate about teaching, so in addition to being an assistant professor, she now has fouirth-year optometry students rotating through her clinic. South Afr Med J Suid-Afr Tydskr Vir Geneeskd. For the purpose of this prospective cross-sectional case study, 21 patients who had recovered from a COVID-19 infection were recruited. Non of the patients had initially ocular symptoms. Lung recovery after COVID-19 is possible, but takes time. Approximately 1 in. PubMed Central Thus, two possible routes of infection emerge by which SARS-CoV 2 can enter the body via the eyes. The buildup of blood raises pressure levels inside the eye, which can cause bleeding, swelling and fluid leaks. 2020;68(11):237883. S. Priglinger: Speaker honoraria and travel reimbursement from Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Novartis Pharma GmbH, Bayer AG, Pharm-Allergan GmbH, Oculentis OSD Medical GmbH, rtli GmbH, B&L, Vitreq. The tear flow was measured by the Schirmer test without anesthesia and considered positive for dry eye if the worse eye showed5 mm of wetness). At first, diabetic retinopathy might cause no symptoms or only mild vision problems. Three months after recovery, they were invited to participate voluntarily for this study during their follow-up in our clinic. Napoli PE, Nioi M, Fossarello M. The Quarantine Dry Eye: the lockdown for coronavirus disease 2019 and its implications for ocular surface health. 2020;395(10237):1610. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31014-X. Using Ocular Tomography to Identify Signs of Inflammation The study included 15 people who had. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v111i11.15433. Qing H, Li Z, Yang Z, Shi M, Huang Z, Song J, et al. Findings In this prospective cross-sectional study, patients who had suffered from previous COVID-19 had no long-term side effects at 3 months after recovery. Article Bloodretinal barrier breakdown in experimental coronavirus retinopathy: association with viral antigen, inflammation, and vegf in sensitive and resistant strains. 2021;14:162936. In our study we did not see more dilated vessels, microaneurysms, areas of non-perfusion or other microvascular anomalies. Bahkir FA, Grandee SS. J. Ophthalmol. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/global-covid-19-clinical-platform-case-report-form-(crf)-for-post-covid-conditions-(post-covid-19-crf-) (2021). Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B. In Serpico-19 diameters of the retinal vessels were examined unveiling higher vessel diameters compared to severity of the covid infection [29]. First studies on COVID-19 showed that ocular manifestations can occur during an acute infection with signs of keratoconjunctivitis in 15.631.6% and positive conjunctival swabs tests in only 3.35.2% [14, 15]. Translation and validation of the Portuguese version of a dry eye disease symptom questionnaire. Emanuel EJ, Persad G, Upshur R, Thome B, Parker M, Glickman A, et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.14412. 28, 12981300 (2020). Article Long-COVID: an evolving problem with an extensive impact. No). The ACE2 was found in the eye in addition to the Cornea [22] and conjunctiva [23], also in the retina [24] and aqueous humor [25]. But his doctor of optometry did: the lingering effects of COVID-19. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. TMPRSS2 is found mainly in the superficial conjunctiva but also together with ACE2 in limbal superficial cells [22]. Among all, 15.6% had diabetic retinopathy, and two patients presented with discrete white-yellowish dots in the posterior pole, leading to hyporreflective changes at retinal pigment epithelium level, outer segment, and ellipsoid layers. 1 New research shows that Covid-19 causes eye problems, leading to hazy vision or black spots as the virus attacks the retina Credit: Getty Socio-demographic data and personal medical history were also collected. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7. COVID-19 Retinal Microangiopathy as an in Vivo Biomarker of Systemic Vascular Disease? The author(s) read and approved the final manuscript. de Groot RJ, Baker SC, Baric RS, Brown CS, Drosten C, Enjuanes L, et al. CAS They were considered to be at the recovery phase of the disease when the time interval between the diseases first symptoms and the eye examination was at least 30 days. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. Login to gain access to member-only content. 2021;27:e930886. The authors declare no competing interests. For the superior, inferior, nasal and temporal quadrants 48.12.1 vs. 46.13.4, 48.22.5 vs. 48.14.9, 46.61.6 vs 44.33.0 and 46.51.7 vs 44.41.3 (Fig. "Some of us are seeing tail; some of us are seeing trunk." Along with neurological symptoms,. JMIR Public Health Surveill 6, e19462. Most people with a Covid-19 i nfection tend to make a full recovery within 12 weeks of developing symptoms. Seah I, Agrawal R. Can the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) affect the eyes? Patients were recruited during follow-up by the infectious disease ambulatory care after the acute phase of the disease. OCT Findings in Patients after COVID-19 Disease. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. In animal experiments (cat, mice), various eye diseases such as uveitis, retinitis and optic neuritis could be triggered by betacoronaviruses indicating an direct uptake into the eye [27]. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-1909 (2012). Various ACE and ACE2 polymorphisms in people of African genetic descent are associated with increased plasma levels of angiotensin II, which reduce the erythrocyte colonization by P. falcifarum [1820]. J. Thromb. The break-up time (BUT) assessment (BUT was considered positive for dry eye if<7 s on the worse eye), corneal fluorescein staining (the corneal area was divided into five zones, one central area and four peripheric ones, each region was classified as no stain (=0), 1, 2 or 3 (great stain), and a total score varying from 0 to 15 was calculated for the entire cornea, following the Dry eye workshop guidelines20. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. Secondly, in the acute phase of COVID-19, some patients show ocular symptoms including keratoconjunctivitis, epiphora and chemosis [14, 15]. This throws more light on the occurrence of inflammation in people recovering from COVID-19. In our study we did not see more dilated vessels, microaneurysms, areas of non-perfusion or other microvascular anomalies. Visual acuity was the same as pre-COVID-19 in all eyes, and no traces of ocular inflammation, infiltration or microvascular insult could be found on OCT and OCT angiography. A cluster of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joco.2017.08.009 (2018). Seven patients (10.9%) had mild-to-moderate, 33 (51.5%) severe, and 24 (37.5%) critical disease. Virol. Statistical significance was calculated with two-sample t-test assuming different variances, Comparison of the parafoveal vessel density a TOPCON Display Grid parafoveal showing 5 parts b+c Box plots showing the comparison of each part of 14 not hospitalised (middle, cross-striped) and 26 hospitalised (right, lengthwise-striped) eyes compared to 50 control eyes (left, clear). Recently, the post-COVID syndrome (PCS) or post-COVID condition13 has been proposed, taking into account the high frequency (from 10 to 35%) of people affected by SARS-CoV-2 that persist with symptoms after the disease's acute phase14. Senanayake P d S, Drazba J, Shadrach K, Milsted A, Rungger-Brandle E, Nishiyama K, Miura S-I, Karnik S, Sears JE, Hollyfield JG. Senanayake P d S, Drazba J, Shadrach K, Milsted A, Rungger-Brandle E, Nishiyama K, et al. Xia J, Tong J, Liu M, Shen Y, Guo D. Evaluation of coronavirus in tears and Conjunctival secretions of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. South Afr Med J Suid-Afr Tydskr Vir Geneeskd. 2020. Since COVID-19 shows more severe courses in older patients, findings of decreased vessel density might not be due to past inflammatory processes, but rather represent normal age related alterations [41]. Tsang KW, Ho PL, Ooi GC, Yee WK, Wang T, Chan-Yeung M, et al. Angiotensin II and its receptor subtypes in the human retina. Epidemiology and cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Guangdong, Peoples republic of China, in February, 2003. N Engl J Med. The condition can develop in anyone who has type 1 or type 2 diabetes. 2001;119(2):17582. ISSN 2045-2322 (online). For OCT angiography, the central 6mm fixated on the fovea were examined. Selective neuronal mitochondrial targeting in SARS-CoV-2 infection affects cognitive processes to induce brain fog and results in behavioral changes that favor viral survival. After being rear-ended, Catherine spent the next two years trying to get relief from her traumatic brain injury symptoms. Visual acuity was the same as pre-COVID-19 in all eyes, and no traces of ocular inflammation, infiltration or microvascular insult could be found on OCT and OCT angiography. In conclusion, our results suggest that long-term complications of the eye are unlikely after recovery from COVID-19, although receptors allowing for SARS-CoV-2 entry are present in the conjunctiva, limbal superficial cells, retina and aqueous humor. Visual acuity, slit lamp, bio microscopy and fundoscopy, multimodal imaging findings. Acta Biomed. Further studies with a longer follow-up and a larger sample size are warranted. No sign of uveitis was found. Google Scholar. When I was sick, getting through to the other side without being hospitalized was my only goal. Zhou, Y. et al. Dr. Dunn recommended a treatment called Syntonics, a light therapy used to balance the nervous system. The mean age (SD) of the patients was 48.7 (18.3) years. Follow-up studies in COVID-19 recovered patients - is it mandatory? Thanks to the experience of the health care workers (HCW) and the constant exchange in the scientific community, any knowledge about patient management, triaging and current therapy recommendations was quickly and adequately accessible and under constant validation [9, 10]. Since its first detection in Wuhan in December 2019, a novel strain entitled SARS-CoV-2 has erupted into a long-lasting global pandemic, that was declared as such by the WHO in March 2020 [7]. Hyperinflammation with cytokine storm and stasis with hypoxia that activates coagulation mechanisms could very well cause retinal vasculitis, thromboembolic events or venous congestion resulting in a COVID-19 associated retinal vein occlusion, papillophlebitis or retinopathy [30, 38, 39]. Internet Explorer). 2000;41(10):30118. https://doi.org/10.18502/jovr.v16i1.8256 (2021). Interestingly, none of our patients reported ocular complaints like conjunctivitis, eye redness or visual impairment during or after COVID-19 infection. Although, the World Health Organization does list conjunctivitis as a "less common symptom" of the virus. We know COVID-19 deprives the entire body of oxygen, including the brain, and this is what can cause eye and vision complications., Once youve recovered from Covid-19 make sure to get your eyes checked; its an important part of taking care of yourself and getting back to who you were., Tara Robertson How one gamers shared passion with her optometrist optimized her care, traumatic brain injury and how it effects eyes, Stream Safely with Professional Gamer ARUUU, Dylan Shockey-Prioritizing eye health with high levels of screen time, Routine comprehensive eye exam leads to liver cancer diagnosis, Glaucoma Caught Before Woman Loses Her Eyesight, The Results of a Comprehensive Eye Exam-A Lifesaving Diabetes Diagnosis, Pro Surfer Caroline Marks-All Eyes on the Future, Tara Robertson: How one gamers shared passion with her optometrist optimized her care, After years of suffering the effects of a concussionone patient's optometrist gives her life back, Stream Safely with Professional Gamer, ARUUU. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90482-2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90482-2. Together, they were able to work through a treatment plan to help Mark on his road to recovery. OCT scans showed no hyperreflective foci in the retina or vitreous. Of these, 14 (66.6%) were hospitalized and 7 (33.3) were discharged home. Never, 1. V. Brantl and B. Schworm wrote the paper, G. Weber, J. Schiefelbein examined patients, V. Brantl prepared figures and tables, T. Kreutzer, S. Michalakis, J. Siedlecki and S. Priglinger gave final supportive assistance. Tsang KW, Ho PL, Ooi GC, Yee WK, Wang T, Chan-Yeung M, Lam WK, Seto WH, Yam LY, Cheung TM, Wong PC, Lam B, Ip MS, Chan J, Yuen KY, Lai KN. Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Mathildenstrae 8, 80336 Munich, Germany. PubMed Process n: 309098/2020-3. Invernizzi A, Torre A, Parrulli S, Zicarelli F, Schiuma M, Colombo V, et al. Silva LS, Silva-Filho JL, Caruso-Neves C, Pinheiro AAS. The ACE2 receptor is found in many different tissues such as nasal mucosa, lung, stomach colon and many more showing the multiple points to attack during infection [21]. Either via the tear film and the draining tear ducts into the upper respiratory tract and the gastrointestinal tract, or theoretically via the conjunctiva into limbal superficial cells into the inner eye, where distribution via the blood or nervous system seems possible [26]. 2004;203(2):6317. Med. Coronavirus can certainly enter the body through the eyes (as well as the nose and mouth). TMPRSS2 is found mainly in the superficial conjunctiva but also together with ACE2 in limbal superficial cells [22]. From 21 patients with a mean (SD) age of 48.7years (18.3), 10 (48.3%) were male and 14 (66.6%) had been hospitalized in our Department of Internal Medicine of the University because of COVID-19 for (SD) mean 9.4 (6.1) days. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.930886. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01244-13. And it can be spread by coughs and sneezes. 35, 1927. the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Gascon P, Briantais A, Bertrand E, Ramtohul P, Comet A, Beylerian M, et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-021-02179-9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-021-02179-9. Google Scholar. Yau, J. W. et al. Heart Problems in COVID Long Haulers. 2020. Med Sci Monit Int Med J Exp Clin Res. CAS 1 is composed of six individual photographs, using the Microsoft PowerPoint for Mac software, version 16.47 (21,031,401), author IFC). 4.1K views, 50 likes, 28 loves, 154 comments, 48 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from 7th District AME Church: Thursday Morning Opening Session Hyperinflammation with cytokine storm and stasis with hypoxia that activates coagulation mechanisms could very well cause retinal vasculitis, thromboembolic events or venous congestion resulting in a COVID-19 associated retinal vein occlusion, papillophlebitis or retinopathy [30, 38, 39]. Nature. V. Brantl and B. Schworm wrote the paper, G. Weber, J. Schiefelbein examined patients, V. Brantl prepared figures and tables, T. Kreutzer, S. Michalakis, J. Siedlecki and S. Priglinger gave final supportive assistance. Patients who had been tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 or for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG serum antibodies in the Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich between May and September. J. Curr. To improve the accuracy of OCT data, the automatic delineation of the internal and external limits of the sensorineural retina, generated by the equipment's software, was verified for each of the scans. Bras. Prevalence and risk factors of self-reported dry eye in Brazil using a short symptom questionnaire. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.06.037 (2020). Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): announcement of the coronavirus study group. Together, they were able to work through a treatment plan to help Mark on his road to recovery. Characteristics of ocular findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China. Initially not the focus of attention, the eyes have become one of the more interesting organs affected by COVID-19 for three reasons. Two patients (9.5%) had a history of glaucoma disease, one (4.8%) of optic disc drusen and one (4.8%) of retinal detachment in one eye. CAS In some people, post- COVID-19 syndrome lasts months or years or causes disability. Cell. An important finding was that the HCW infection rate was 12% by July 2020, showing how highly contagious and how extremely important protective measures are in dealing with COVID-19 patients [9]. Presenting and DBCVA were significantly different (p0.03, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test) in mild-to-moderate, severe, and critical groups, except for the left eyes (LE) in the mild-to-moderate group. All hospitalized Patients except one (7.1%) had characteristic bilateral multifocal ground-glass opacities findings in their lungs (refer to Table1 for their blood results). Wang, X., Sahu, K. K. & Cerny, J. Coagulopathy, endothelial dysfunction, thrombotic microangiopathy and complement activation: Potential role of complement system inhibition in COVID-19. PubMed Even beyond acute infection the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the eyes is enormously [32, 33], but Data on the long-term effect of COVID-19 on visual function and ocular anatomy after infection are lacking at the moment. Castro, J. S. et al. Two hospitalized patients (9.5%) received invasive ventilation. Wu P, Duan F, Luo C, Liu Q, Qu X, Liang L, et al. Immunol. The exam was considered positive for dry eye if the corneal fluorescein staining score was3 on the worse eye). Article 2020;181(2):271280.e8. 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-317576. Most people who get COVID-19 will have mild illness. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata (Stata/IC 15.1, College Station, TX). CAS Front Public Health. Zhou P, Yang X-L, Wang X-G, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, Si H-R, Zhu Y, Li B, Huang C-L, Chen H-D, Chen J, Luo Y, Guo H, Jiang R-D, Liu M-Q, Chen Y, Shen X-R, Wang X, Zheng X-S, Zhao K, Chen Q-J, Deng F, Liu L-L, Yan B, Zhan F-X, Wang Y-Y, Xiao G-F, Shi Z-L. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. These symptoms can be the result of problems like retinal tears and retinal detachments; eye strokes, which occur when a blood clot blocks an artery in the retina; or eye infections - all of. T. Kreutzer: Speaker honoraria from Alcon Pharma GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13156 (2020). The mean superficial parafoveal vessel density for the central fovea was 21.84.3 for not hospitalized and 21.12.9 for hospitalized patients. Either via the tear film and the draining tear ducts into the upper respiratory tract and the gastrointestinal tract, or theoretically via the conjunctiva into limbal superficial cells into the inner eye, where distribution via the blood or nervous system seems possible [26]. However, only 31.2% reported that it appeared or worsened simultaneously with the acute phase of COVID-19. A new study finds that people with severe COVID-19 may be at risk for certain eye abnormalities. Wang Y, Detrick B, Yu ZX, Zhang J, Chesky L, Hooks JJ. Sci. Holappa M, Valjakka J, Vaajanen A. Angiotensin (1-7) and ACE2, the hot spots of renin-angiotensin system, detected in the human aqueous humor.
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